Pakistan

From Indus plains to Karakoram peaks

Pakistan

Pakistan brings together Mughal cities, Indus civilisation sites and high mountain valleys.

Pakistan comes into focus when you see Lahore’s Mughal brickwork, the ruins at Mohenjo-daro and the peaks above Hunza as parts of the same long-settled land. Rivers fed by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush cross the Indus plain before reaching the Arabian Sea. In the north, roads pass apricot orchards and stone villages around Hunza and Skardu. Far to the south, Mohenjo-daro preserves gridded streets and brick drains from the Indus civilisation. Lahore Fort, mosques and gardens show the wealth of later courts and regional dynasties.

The red sandstone walls and marble domes of Lahore’s Badshahi Mosque stand opposite Lahore Fort. In the old city, vendors work among bazaars and small workshops, while food stalls grill kebabs and serve chana with flaky parathas. Across the Ravi in Shahdara, Emperor Jahangir’s tomb sits within formal gardens and patterned stonework.

Karachi shows a different scale. Pakistan’s largest city grew around an Arabian Sea port, and its restaurants draw on Sindhi, Baloch, Pashtun, Punjabi and migrant cooking. In Multan, potters make blue-glazed wares, and domed shrines mark the graves of Sufi saints. Trade, migration and faith have left clear marks in these cities, their food and their craft. Take time to linger in more than one place, and Pakistan offers plenty to talk about over a long meal.

When to go

Best time to travel

Monthly values are indicative average maximum temperatures for Islamabad. Pakistan has meaningful regional variation, from the high mountains of the north to the Indus plains and Arabian Sea coast. Monthly values are indicative average maximum temperatures for Islamabad. Pakistan has meaningful regional variation, from the high mountains of the north to the Indus plains and Arabian Sea coast.

jan18°C feb20°C mar25°C apr31°C may36°C jun39°C jul35°C aug34°C sep34°C oct30°C nov24°C dec20°C

Weather in the capital

Practical Pakistan

On every country page we show the current weather for the capital.

Islamabad
Morning27°Cclear
Afternoon32°Cclear
Evening26°Cclear
today32°C / 24°Chigh and low

Current forecast by Open-Meteo

Getting around

Domestic flights connect major cities and northern gateways. Long-distance buses cover many routes, while Pakistan Railways links cities across the Indus plain. Ride-hailing apps operate in major urban areas.

Paying locally

Cash is useful in markets, small restaurants and places outside major cities. Larger hotels, malls and established businesses more often accept cards, and cities have ATMs.

Where to stay

Large cities have international hotels, local chains and guesthouses. Northern valleys have family-run hotels and seasonal lodges, though smaller towns offer fewer choices.

Before you leave

Worth knowing

A practical starting point for your trip. Check current conditions and local information before you leave.

01

Calling code

Pakistan’s international calling code is +92.

02

Driving side

Traffic keeps to the left, and vehicles usually have right-hand drive.

03

Official languages

Urdu and English are the official languages. Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi and many other languages are widely spoken.

04

Measurements

Pakistan uses the metric system for distances, weights and temperatures.

05

Friday rhythm

Friday prayers can pause business around midday, especially near mosques. Many offices work Monday to Friday, while market schedules vary.

06

Tipping

Restaurants may add a service charge. Elsewhere, modest tips are common for table service, porters and drivers, but there is no fixed amount.

07

Dining custom

People commonly eat and pass food with the right hand, especially when sharing bread or dishes without cutlery.

08

Business hours

Banks and offices generally open on weekdays. Shops and markets often open later, trade into the evening and may close for Friday prayers.

09

Train reservations

Reserve seats or berths for intercity trains, especially on overnight services, busy routes and public holidays.

10

SIM registration

Mobile operators register SIM cards against valid identification. Buy from an authorised outlet and bring your passport.

11

Removing shoes

Remove shoes before entering a mosque and whenever a host requests it in a home. Look for shoe racks or follow the host’s example.

12

Greetings

A polite “Assalam-o-Alaikum” is widely understood. Use titles and respectful forms of address, and wait for the other person to initiate a handshake across genders.

Cities and hotspots

Places worth saving

From city to nature reserve: places with stories, facts and tips.